IKOT EKPENE @ 74 (The Past, Present and The Future)
Imoh Ukut
Ikot Ekpene, known as “The Raffia City,” is a historic town in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria, with a rich past, vibrant present, and promising future. Here’s a look at its journey over the last 74 years, from 1951 to 2025, and a glimpse into what lies ahead, grounded in its cultural and economic significance.
The Past: 1951–2000
Ikot Ekpene’s modern history took a significant turn in 1951 when it became Nigeria’s first experimental Local Government Area, marking it as a pioneer in local self-governance. This period built on its earlier role as a cultural and political hub for the Annang people, a status noted by historian Kannan Nair. The town, originally formed by ten families, had already been a center of commerce by the early 20th century, with British colonial influence solidifying after 1903 when troops established a Garrison. By the mid-20th century, Ikot Ekpene was a bustling trade center for palm oil, kernels, yams, cassava, and raffia products. The arrival of European companies like John Holt and Paterson Zochonis in the 1910s transformed it into a vibrant metropolis, with a main market established in 1937 to separate indigenous and imported goods. Its strategic location along the A342 highway, connecting Calabar, Aba, and Uyo, amplified its economic role. The Biafran War (1967–1970) was a dark chapter. Ikot Ekpene’s military and political importance made it a contested zone, changing hands multiple times. The conflict devastated the town, and the massacre of many Annang leaders diminished its post-war influence. Yet, the community’s resilience shone through. The establishment of the Ibibio Welfare Union in the 1920s and the Catholic Diocese in 1963, led by figures like Cardinal Dominic Ekandem, cemented its cultural and spiritual significance.
The Present: 2000–2025
Today, Ikot Ekpene thrives as a municipal center, blending tradition with modernity. With an estimated population of over 180,000 in 2022, it remains a commercial powerhouse, exporting raffia crafts, palm products, and agricultural goods. The town’s nickname, “Raffia City,” reflects its global reputation for cane furniture, basket weaving, and wood carvings, which draw tourists to its markets and cooperative. Infrastructure has seen steady growth. The governorship of Godswill Akpabio (2007–2015) brought paved roads and urban renewal, while institutions like Akwa Ibom State Polytechnic, Ritman University, and Four Points by Sheraton highlight its educational and hospitality sectors. The Raffia City Hub, a tech community, fosters innovation, supporting entrepreneurs and talent development. Culturally, the annual “Ikot Ekpene Day” celebrates the town’s heritage post-Christmas, uniting locals and diaspora. Despite challenges like post-war marginalization and the need for broader economic diversification, Ikot Ekpene’s people remain its strength. The Annang, alongside small Igbo and Hausa communities, maintain a peaceful, welcoming ethos, bolstered by a strong Christian identity rooted in early missionary work, such as Rev. William Christie’s establishment of the Methodist Cathedral in 1938.
The Future: Beyond 2025
Looking ahead, Ikot Ekpene is poised for growth but faces critical choices. Its raffia and agricultural sectors could leverage global demand for sustainable, artisanal goods, especially if paired with digital marketing and export infrastructure. The Raffia City Hub signals potential for tech-driven economic expansion, but investment in broadband and skills training will be key to competing in Nigeria’s tech ecosystem. Urban planning must balance modernization with cultural preservation. Protecting historic sites, like the Control Post or early mission churches, could boost tourism, while sustainable practices could mitigate climate risks to agriculture, such as raffia palm wine production. Political will is needed to restore Ikot Ekpene’s pre-war prominence, possibly through federal investment in infrastructure like the long discussed Umuahia-Ikot Ekpene road. Community-led initiatives will remain vital. The Annang tradition of self-improvement, seen in diaspora contributions, could fund education and healthcare upgrades, addressing gaps in rural areas. However, vigilance against political neglect or ethnic sidelining, as felt post-Biafra, will be crucial to ensure equitable development. Conclusion @ 74, Ikot Ekpene stands as a testament to resilience and creativity. Its past reflects a blend of colonial influence, war-time trials, and cultural pride; its present showcases economic vitality and community spirit; and its future holds promise if it harnesses innovation while honoring its roots. The Raffia City’s story is far from over, it’s a place to watch as Nigeria evolves.
Imoh Ukut
Ikot Obong Edong,
Ikot Ekpene.
